Is baiting deer legal in wisconsin - Below is a complete list of every state and whether or not it is legal to bait deer on private land in them. Each state is hyperlinked to their division of ... WISCONSIN: SOME COUNTIES (SEE REGULATION) WYOMING: WITH PERMIT ONLY: Share with friends. You might also like. Hunting. Best KUIU Hunting Gear [9 Top Items] 8 min read 02/03/2023

 
Dec 15, 2021 · The DNR will renew the feeding and baiting ban in Eau Claire county for three years and has enacted a two-year ban in Jackson and Clark counties effective Dec. 13. A DNR press release highlights that bait piles can encourage deer to congregate unnaturally around a shared food source near sick deer. This causes CWD to spread. . Showcase cinema de lux woburn photos

County and city laws state that hunters in Manitowoc cannot bait deer, and until last week, and Wisconsin state law agreed. Now in places where chronic wasting disease was confirmed, a baiting ban ...To mitigate these risks and slow the spread of CWD, state law directs the DNR to impose baiting and feeding bans within any county with a confirmed CWD-positive deer. Counties fall under a 3-year baiting and feeding ban when a wild or farm-raised deer tests positive for CWD in the county. If the CWD-positive deer is found within 10 miles of a ...It is illegal to place, use, or hunt deer with bait or feed in certain counties. A 10-character confirmation number will be sent to you after your deer has been registered. ... Wisconsin law prohibits the possession of a deer license, tag, or registration. Residents, junior gun deer, and gun deer are all available for purchase. ...Check out. Continue shopping. Maryland Deer Baiting Laws & Regulations. November 20, 2023. Share Share. Link. Close shareCopy link. Summary of Maryland Deer Baiting Regulations. Baiting deer is legal except on state-owned or state-controlled properties.There was a statewide ban on baiting deer for a stretch. That was replaced by a law requiring a CWD-positive test in a county or within 10 miles of a county border for the prohibition to kick in.Under current law, DNR must promulgate rules that prohibit baiting deer in any county that has a confirmed positive test for CWD or bovine TB in any captive or free-roaming animal. The rule may not prohibit feeding deer for longer than three years after the positive test. Under current law, DNR must promulgate rules that prohibit baiting deer inWisconsin state law requires that the DNR enact a three-year baiting and feeding ban in counties where CWD has been detected, as well as a two-year ban in adjoining counties within 10 miles of a ...Fishing Wisconsin. Fishing regulations are used as a tool to ensure good fishing exists in the future. Fishing regulations are used to: control angler impacts on fish populations; maintain numbers and sizes of fish in a lake or stream; provide different types of fishing experiences, such as fishing for dinner or a trophy fish, and.Fishing Wisconsin. Fishing regulations are used as a tool to ensure good fishing exists in the future. Fishing regulations are used to: control angler impacts on fish populations; maintain numbers and sizes of fish in a lake or stream; provide different types of fishing experiences, such as fishing for dinner or a trophy fish, and.Yes, you can bait deer in Kansas. According to the 2020-21 Hunting and Furharvesting Regulations Synopsis from the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism, baiting is allowed for white-tailed deer statewide during archery season and firearms seasons (aside from specific areas). Baiting may include placing grain, salt/minerals, fruit or ...Barron, Rusk and Sawyer counties will all begin a two-year baiting and feeding ban on Oct. 5; It is illegal to hunt over an area previously used for legal baiting and feeding until that area is completely free of bait or feed for 10 consecutive days. Baiting or feeding deer encourages them to congregate unnaturally around a shared food source.To mitigate these risks and slow the spread of CWD, state law directs the DNR to impose baiting and feeding bans within any county with a confirmed CWD-positive deer. Counties fall under a 3-year baiting and feeding ban when a wild or farm-raised deer tests positive for CWD in the county. If the CWD-positive deer is found within 10 miles of a ...Ear Corn. Image Story: Some hunters prefer using ear corn over shelled corn for bait because it can take deer longer to clean it up. Truck-bed loads of ear corn are purchased every fall to feed the deer that hunters are chasing. Photo Credit: Josh Honeycutt. Image Title: Acorns. Image: Acorns.Up to 97% of the land that TNC owns in Wisconsin is open for hunting deer, turkey, pheasant and other game species. ... Artificial baiting, trail cameras and deer drives are not allowed. Stands/Blinds: ... Waterfowl hunting is allowed pursuant to waterway use laws (2001 Wisconsin Act 16). Hunters may only use temporary blinds constructed of non ...Many counties in northeast Wisconsin allow deer baiting and feeding. All current county-level bans will remain in effect throughout the 2019 deer hunting season. Those who violate the baiting and ...Baiting deer is legal in 14 counties and prohibited in 58 for the 2023 gun deer season, according to the DNR. The prohibitions are due to a state law that bans baiting and feeding deer in areas ...And, if you place more than 25 gallons of bait, the minimum citation is $745.50. The maximum citation in all categories is $1,000. Feeders for birds and other small mammals are permitted if they are within 50 yards of a home and at a height inaccessible to deer. There are deer baiting and feeding regulations in 58 of Wisconsin's 72 counties.Contact local county clerk and ask about §235.022, Local Government Code. hunt anywhere by means or methods that have been prohibited by county or city ordinance. hunt on any area named as a wildlife sanctuary, nesting, or propagation area. hunt in state and/or national parks or refuges except during scheduled hunts or under other special ...Naturalist's Response. While baiting deer in Ohio is typically legal during state hunting seasons (check Ohio Department of Natural Resources regulations for restrictions), generally feeding deer throughout the year is not recommended.You should also check local ordinances, as cities in Lake and Cuyahoga counties have banned deer feeding in efforts to combat high urban deer populations.Many counties in northeast Wisconsin allow deer baiting and feeding. All current county-level bans will remain in effect throughout the 2019 deer hunting season. Those who violate the baiting and ...- The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) confirms the first positive test result for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a wild deer in Pierce County. ... State law requires that the DNR enact a three-year baiting and feeding ban in counties where CWD has been detected, as well as a two-year ban in adjoining counties within 10 miles ...There was a statewide ban on baiting deer for a stretch. That was replaced by a law requiring a CWD-positive test in a county or within 10 miles of a county border for the prohibition to kick in.Thu, 14 Mar 2024 02:05:34 GMT (1710381934475) 699c52f999eecb043d136ffc393d51088671412c. 4c1dcc35b95bd84c93a16439d7e75cc873d6c4b6Sep 19, 2022 · MADISON, Wis. – The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is asking deer hunters and the public to help prevent the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) by following baiting and feeding bans and by properly disposing of deer carcass waste this hunting season. Placing bait to hunt deer or feeding deer for viewing is banned by ... Baiting deer for hunting purposes is legal to some extent in 26 of the 48 contiguous states in the United States . ... Deer Baiting in Wisconsin: A Survey of Wisconsin Deer Hunters. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management; Madison, WI, USA: 1993.General information on electronic registration for bear and deer . Bear Health and Diseases. ... Chocolate and Bear Bait. In Wisconsin, it is legal to bait black bears with chocolate. However, hunters are encouraged to minimize or avoid using chocolate in a bait. Chocolate is toxic and can be lethal to bears and other wildlife, especially cubs.With traditional baiting, the first step is to pick a good spot. You want an area that's got good 'yote traffic but that isn't too open. If its open on all sides then you'll be hard pressed to spot every animal coming in towards the bait pile. Choose a larger open area that is blocked off on one or two sides to funnel foot traffic.This section applies to deer and bear hunting statewide, except for baiting deer in the areas described in par. where baiting for deer is prohibited. NR 10.07(2m)(b) (b) Excluded area. Deer baiting and feeding is prohibited in entire counties where any of the following criteria apply:29.336 Feeding deer. (1) In this section, "feeding deer" means to place any material to feed or attract deer in or from the wild. (2) The department shall promulgate rules that prohibit feeding deer for hunting or viewing purposes in any of the following counties: (a) A county in which the county or a portion of the county is in a chronic wasting disease control zone designated by the ...1:36. A deer baiting and feeding ban is now in effect in four northwestern Wisconsin counties, according to the Department of Natural Resources. The prohibition covers Barron, Burnett, Polk and ...The notification came from the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. As a result, a ban on feeding and baiting of deer has been placed over a 10 mile radius of the Town of Fairchild, where the deer was found on a deer farm. The feeding and baiting ban is required under state law, and applies to farm …Hunters caught baiting deer in Oconto County will be subject to fines issued by county law enforcement officers. The Oconto County Board, with a 27-3 vote in December, authorized county deputies to fine offenders $250 to $500 for a first offense and $500 or more for a second offense. Baiting and feeding deer in Oconto County has been prohibited since Nov. 1, when the WisconsinThe DNR will renew the feeding and baiting ban in Eau Claire county for three years and has enacted a two-year ban in Jackson and Clark counties effective Dec. 13. A DNR press release highlights that bait piles can encourage deer to congregate unnaturally around a shared food source near sick deer. This causes CWD to spread.Baiting deer is legal in 17 counties and prohibited in 55 for the 2022 gun deer season. The prohibitions are due to a state law that bans baiting and feeding deer in areas where chronic wasting ...MADISON, Wis. (AP) — Wisconsin’s ban on baiting and feeding deer in counties with chronic wasting disease would be scaled back under a bill headed to Gov. Scott Walker. The state Assembly passed the Republican-backed measure Wednesday 60-37. Democratic opponents argue the change is irresponsible, goes against good science and what deer ...It is legal to hunt over a harvested crop field, but it is not legal to add grain or other crops, such as apples, to the field after it has been harvested. Manipulating crops, such as mowing or knocking them down, is not considered baiting for deer and turkeys. Limits. Check your permit and hunting season for information about limits.More information regarding baiting and feeding regulations and CWD in Wisconsin is available on the DNR’s baiting and feeding regulations webpage. To learn how to have deer tested during the upcoming 2021-22 Wisconsin hunting seasons, visit the DNR’s sampling for chronic wasting disease webpage. End of article.Jan 4, 2022 · The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) received notification from the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection that a farm-raised deer on a deer farm in Eau Claire County tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD). The positive detection comes from the Town of Fairchild in southeastern Eau Claire County, within 10 miles of the Clark and Jackson County State law requires that the Wisconsin DNR enact a ban on feeding and baiting of deer in counties or portions of counties within a 10-mile radius of a farm-raised or free-roaming domestic or wild animal that tests positive for CWD or tuberculosis. As a result, the DNR will renew the baiting and feeding ban in Eau Claire county for three years ...bait, with all other legal methods Oct. 6-Oct. 12: with aid of bait, all other legal methods without the aid of dogs Zones C, E and F: Sep. 8-Oct. 12: with all legal methods not using the aid of dogs MIGRATORY BIRDS Early Canada Goose Statewide Sept. 1-15 Early Teal Season Sept. 1-9 Duck Season Youth Sept. 18 & 19 Northern Zone Sept. 25 ...State law mandates that feeding and baiting of deer be banned for at least three years in counties where CWD infected deer are found, whether in wild or captive deer. ... When put in effect, the additions of Washburn, Barron, Sawyer and Rusk will make it illegal to bait and feed deer in all but 13 of Wisconsin’s 72 counties. While no new …Sep 6, 2023 · The deer was transferred to the Birchwood site from Rodenkirch Whitetails and Genetics in Beaver Dam, Wis., on Oct. 4, 2022. State law mandates that feeding and baiting of deer be banned for at least three years in counties where CWD infected deer are found, whether in wild or captive deer. Below is a complete list of every state and whether or not it is legal to bait deer on private land in them. Each state is hyperlinked to their division of ... WISCONSIN: SOME COUNTIES (SEE REGULATION) WYOMING: WITH PERMIT ONLY: Share with friends. You might also like. Hunting. Best KUIU Hunting Gear [9 Top Items] 8 min read …Is baiting deer legal in Wisconsin? Oh deer, hunting over bait is legal on private land in Wisconsin, but not on public land. Remember, the bait must be scattered at least 100 yards away from the baited area! What types of bait are allowed? Well, well, well, you can use grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, hay, or salt as bait.Muzzleloader. Nov. 27 -Dec. 6. Statewide Antlerless-only. Dec. 7-10. Antlerless-only Holiday Hunt***. Dec. 24 -Jan. 1, 2024. * Season continues until Jan. 31, 2024 in Metro subunits and select Farmland Counties. ** This is not a statewide season. More information is available at the DNR's Deer Hunting For Hunters With Disabilities webpage .For many years now, using bait for deer hunting has been legal in North Carolina and, in fact, has become a common practice among most hunters. While there is proposed legislation to allow baiting for bears, at this time, it is not legal. ... Wisconsin; Wyoming; In Utah, bait hunting is allowed for bowhunting only.In addition to the baiting definition, there are some dates associated with baiting and feeding deer. If a person has placed bait on a piece of property from Aug. 15 to Feb. 1, that location is ...Chronic wasting disease is a fatal, infectious nervous system disease of deer, moose, elk and reindeer/caribou. It belongs to the family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases. CWD occurs only in members of the cervid or deer family -- both wild and captive. The Wisconsin DNR began …Ozaukee will begin a two-year baiting and feeding ban on Feb. 15, 2024. Sheboygan, Fond du Lac and Washington counties will renew the bans already in place. The DNR also reminds the public that it is illegal to hunt over an area previously used for legal baiting and feeding until that area is completely free of bait or feed for 10 consecutive ...Under state law, a positive CWD test triggers a three-year baiting and feeding ban in the county where the deer came from as well as any counties with a border within 10 miles. The Marinette ...The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) says a wild deer has tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Pierce County. ... a three-year ban …Senate Bill 37, introduced by Senator Curt VanderWall (R-Ludington) runs counter to these scientific recommendations by reinstating deer baiting and feeding in the Lower Peninsula as well as elk feeding, and making elk baiting legal for the first time in recent memory. Not only does it negate the sound science, it takes it out of the hands of ...Under current law, DNR must promulgate rules that prohibit baiting deer in any county that is within 10 miles of the location of a confirmed positive test for CWD or bovine TB in any captive or free-roaming animal. The rule may not prohibit feeding deer for longer than two years after the positive test.Summary of Louisiana Deer Baiting Regulations. Baiting, placement of bait, or hunting over bait is prohibited within LDWF designated CWD control areas. It is the responsibility of hunters to check their hunting area for bait prior to each hunt. A baited area is an area on which salt, grain, or other feed has been placed, exposed, deposited ...Updated: Aug 10, 2017 / 02:55 PM CDT. SHARE. Manitowoc County officials say that even though the state of Wisconsin has lifted the ban on feeding deer, the county's ordinance will remain in ...June 26, 2017. People ask all the time whether it is illegal to bait or feed animals in Wisconsin. The lawyer answer, that people always hate, is "it depends.". The Wisconsin Court of Appeals recently clarified that whether baiting or feeding is illegal depends on whether the person baited or fed animals for the purpose of hunting those ...The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is reminding hunters and the public that they can help slow the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) by following baiting and feeding regulations. CWD is an always-fatal disease that affects the nervous system of deer, elk, moose and caribou caused by a misshapen prion protein. The disease can spread through contact with an infected animal'sTrees, vegetation, and hills obstruct or absorb sound. Some unobstructed sound corridors are necessary. Another method is to move quietly along a trail audio trolling; picture floating a river casting in likely spots only you are using audio lures rather than fishing lures. Think of it as audio chumming. If your season is open and it is legal ...Legal and Ethical Considerations. Aside from the ecological consequences, there are also legal and ethical considerations surrounding deer baiting in Kentucky. While baiting is permitted in some states, it is illegal in Kentucky. Engaging in baiting can result in hefty fines and penalties for hunters who are caught violating these regulations.– The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources confirmed the first positive test result for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a wild deer in Pierce County. ... State …28 counties will continue to have bans. Gov. Walker signed Bill SB68 into law on August 2. Lifting of ban effective tomorrow, Friday, August 4, 2017. WDNR webpage updates forthcoming. Visit dnr.wi.gov, keywords: baiting and feeding.The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) reminds hunters and wildlife observers that deer baiting and feeding are prohibited in much of the state—including in our northern area counties. ... The baiting and feeding laws are meant to limit the spread of the fatal and highly contagious deer disease, known as chronic …Hunting with kids age 10 or 11. An adult must be in immediate control of the young hunter and must possess a deer license. Licenses for hunters age 10 or 11 are free but required. Kids age 10 and ...As required by state law, the DNR will enact a new two-year ban on baiting and feeding in Ozaukee County and renew a three-year baiting and feeding ban in Washington County effectively on Jan. 5 ...The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources reminds hunters and wildlife observers that deer baiting and feeding are prohibited in much of the state — including in our northern area counties.– The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources confirmed the first positive test result for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a wild deer in Pierce County. ... State law requires that the DNR enact a three-year baiting and feeding ban in counties where CWD has been detected, as well as a two-year ban in adjoining counties within 10 miles of a ...Understanding Wisconsin Hunting Laws. ... Additionally, when it comes to hunting deer in Wisconsin with a handgun, it is best to consult the National Whitetail Deer Conservation Organization for guidelines and regulations. ... Additionally, hunters must be aware of any restrictions on baiting and feeding deer, as well as the rules for hunting ...Up to 97% of the land that TNC owns in Wisconsin is open for hunting deer, turkey, pheasant and other game species. ... Artificial baiting, trail cameras and deer drives are not allowed. Stands/Blinds: ... Waterfowl hunting is allowed pursuant to waterway use laws (2001 Wisconsin Act 16). Hunters may only use temporary blinds constructed of non ...The deer was a hunter-harvested 2-year-old doe and is the first confirmed wild CWD-positive deer detection in Waupaca County. The DNR and the Waupaca County Deer Advisory Council will be hosting a public meeting on Wednesday, Feb. 8, 2023, from 6 to 8 p.m. The meeting will be held at: Manawa City Hall. 500 S Bridge St.When you're ready to bait your area, just scatter the buckwheat around and wait for the deer to come to you. Buckwheat is also a great food to use in food plots. 12.Peanut Butter. Peanut butter is another great bait to use when hunting deer. It is a great attractant because it is very sweet and has a strong scent.Summary of Iowa Deer Baiting Regulations. You may not use bait (except as described below) to hunt deer. "Bait" means grain, fruit, vegetables, nuts, hay, salt, mineral blocks, or any other natural food materials, commercial products containing natural food materials or by-products of such materials transported to or placed in an area for the purpose of attracting wildlife.Illegal deer baiting continues to be a problem. Wisconsin hunters likely will pay at least $147,000 in fines this year for baiting citations, assuming they follow trends set the past 15 years for ...In August 2017, an Act signed into law to amend current state statute did the following: remove deer baiting and feeding prohibitions in counties where 36 months have passed since any confirmed positive test for chronic wasting disease or bovine tuberculosis (Tb) within the county; and remove deer baiting and feeding prohibitions in adjacent ...Apr 11, 2017 · By TODD RICHMONDAssociated Press. MADISON, Wis. (AP) — Baiting and feeding deer is permissible in areas affected by chronic wasting disease as long as the food isn’t intended to draw in deer for hunting, a state appellate judge ruled Tuesday. State Department of Natural Resources rules prohibit baiting and feeding for the purpose of hunting ... Can you bait deer in Wisconsin? This question is on the minds of many hunters as they prepare for the upcoming season. The answer is yes, but there are some important regulations and considerations to keep in mind. In this article, we’ll explore the legal status of baiting deer in Wisconsin, provide effective baiting strategies, […]— The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources announced on Nov. 30 that it has confirmed the first positive test result for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a wild deer in Jackson County. ... The DNR also reminds the public that it is illegal to hunt over an area previously used for legal baiting and feeding until that area is completely ...The history of this Wisconsin delicacy called tiger meat or cannibal sandwich, made from raw meat, is connected to a similar dish carried to America by German immigrants. Recently,...Aug 3, 2004 · The use of automatic feeders is prohibited in Wisconsin under emergency and permanent rules put in place to help control the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, according to Kurt Thiede, a regulations specialist with the Department of Natural Resources wildlife management program. “These devices have never been legal for deer ...

The DNR found that a deer in Washington County tested positive last year. As a result of the new discovery, a new ban on baiting and feeding will be implemented in Ozaukee County, starting on February 15th. Wisconsin state law mandates that the DNR must impose a three-year ban on baiting and feeding in counties where CWD has been …. Xactus avantus

is baiting deer legal in wisconsin

Sep 20, 2006 Updated Feb 4, 2011. 0. Deer hunters who hunt over bait should review Wisconsin’s deer bating and feeding rules prior to taking to the woods, according to state wildlife managers ...The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) takes the position that placing bait to hunt deer or feed for recreational viewing of deer is illegal in all counties affected by …Is baiting deer legal in Wisconsin? Oh deer, hunting over bait is legal on private land in Wisconsin, but not on public land. Remember, the bait must be scattered at least 100 yards away from the baited area! What types of bait are allowed? Well, well, well, you can use grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, hay, or salt as bait.The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is reminding hunters and the public that they can help slow the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) by following baiting and feeding regulations. CWD is an always-fatal disease that affects the nervous system of deer, elk, moose and caribou caused by a misshapen prion protein. The disease can spread through contact with an infected animal'sDNR Deer Herd Health Specialist Erin Larson says doing so can help prevent spread of Chronic Wasting Disease, as deer will congregate. Baiting and feeding is currently prohibited in the majority of Wisconsin's 72 counties. "There is baiting and feeding regulations currently in 55 of our counties," said Larson.Summary of Wisconsin Deer Baiting Regulations Baiting for deer is permissible, but regulations differ by county and locality. CWD/TB testing results may change regulations, so it is advised to consult with the Wisconsin DNR frequently to stay up to date on regulations & guidelines. ... Wisconsin Deer Baiting Laws & Regulations November 22, 2023 ...LA CROSSE, Wis. – The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) announced that the investigation into a 2021 illegal deer harvest has ended with a three-year revocation of the hunter’s hunting and fishing privileges. In November 2021, an anonymous tip of a buck illegally shot with a rifle during archery season came through …This will create a three-year baiting and feeding ban in Outagamie County, and a two-year baiting and feeding ban in Calumet County, as required by law starting Oct. 1, 2021. More information regarding baiting and feeding regulations and CWD in Wisconsin is available on the DNR’s baiting and feeding regulations webpage.Is baiting deer legal in Wisconsin? Oh deer, hunting over bait is legal on private land in Wisconsin, but not on public land. Remember, the bait must be scattered at least 100 yards away from the baited area! What types of bait are allowed? Well, well, well, you can use grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, hay, or salt as bait.Placing bait to hunt deer or feed for recreational viewing is legal in the non-shaded counties on the above map. See below for restrictions on deer baiting and feeding.The ban on baiting and feeding deer in Wisconsin was extended Thursday by a legislative panel swayed by fears that chronic wasting disease could wipe out the state's deer herd. Lawmakers pushed the current ban to April 1, showing some skepticism and reining back a request from the state Department of Natural Resources, which sought to keep ...MADISON, Wis. – The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is asking deer hunters and the public to help prevent the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) by following baiting and feeding bans and by properly disposing of deer carcass waste this hunting season. Placing bait to hunt deer or feeding deer for viewing is …State law requires that the DNR enact a three-year baiting and feeding ban in counties where CWD has been detected and a two-year ban in adjoining counties within 10 miles of a CWD detection ...Baiting is illegal in 56 of Wisconsin's 72 counties, and Michigan imposed a ban throughout its Lower Peninsula in January. In July, Michigan expanded the ban to cover a 660-square-mile area in the Upper Peninsula for parts of Dickinson, Delta and Menominee counties. Ohio was the last Midwestern state to allow deer baiting statewide, but that ....

Popular Topics