Ww points calculator 2023 - The CRS Score Calculator is an important tool for someone who wants to Immigrate Canada via Express Entry Process. It’s easy to use and lets you understand if you’re eligible for Canada Permanent Residency. By submitting the details like age, education, language skills, and work history, it generates an overall score for you.

 
Just plug in your stats, and it will give you your daily points plus allowance. Now, if you are still following the old Weight Watchers Points Plan, you can figure out how many points you are allowed each day by answering these questions and adding up your score: Gender: Female- score 2. Male- score 8. A nursing mom- score 12.. Whitelist email

The new personal points program is expected to be released in the US and Canada the week of November 8, 2021, and will continue into 2022-2023. New members will take the assessment upon joining. If you are already a member will be guided to the new assessment as soon as the new plan launches. Be sure to update your WW app to …The online Skilled Migration Points Test (PR Points Calculator) for 2024. It can help you calculate your probable score in the Skilled Migration Points Test. While a minimum of 65 points is required, this may not always guarantee an invitation to apply. Most occupations get invited at 85 and above on GSM visas. Check here to see how many points ...Our UCAS Tariff calculator converts your qualifications and grades into a numerical value – these are UCAS Tariff points. We use Tariff points to check whether you meet the entry requirements for the course you’ve applied for, so it’s worth checking before you apply. Your qualifications. Add your qualifications. Qualification.Points Calculator. To calculate your points score based on Irish Leaving Certificate results, select the exam year and then enter your results by level and grade. For applicants presenting pre-1992 Leaving Certificate results please click here. The Central Applications Office (CAO) processes applications for undergraduate courses in Irish ...Points Calculator. To calculate your points score based on Irish Leaving Certificate results, select the exam year and then enter your results by level and grade. For applicants presenting pre-1992 Leaving Certificate results please click here. The Central Applications Office (CAO) processes applications for undergraduate courses in Irish ... The Weight Watchers Points Calculator is an instrumental tool for weight loss diets and mindful eating. By comprehending the updates to the 2022 Smart Points system and determining how to calculate points, you'll remain aligned with your weight loss ambitions. The recent modifications in the Smart Points System, available through the WW Points ... Jan 2, 2023 · LOW POINT SAVORY SNACKS ON THE NEW 2023 WW PROGRAM: 4 WW POINTS PER SERVING. Chex Mix, traditional (1/2 cup) 1 cup red grapes, 2 slices low-fat cheddar cheese and 10 almonds; Planter’s cocktail peanuts, lightly salted (30) Planter’s dry honey roasted peanuts (30) Quaker Lower Sugar Maple and Brown Sugar instant oatmeal (1 packet) Use this free tool to track your daily points allowance and determine the point values of your favorite foods based on the Weight Watchers Smart Points System. …Sep. 2023 - 31. Aug. 2024) - LCM 2024 (valid 1. Jan. 2024 - 31. Dec. 2024) FINA points are limited to 100 - 1100. Convincing swimming result analysis for swimming enthusiasts.With Points Protection your Points will be returned to your account when you purchase Points Protection. 6. Ongoing Search. If you're not able to find the destination you're looking for, then you can open an Ongoing Search. RCI will search the system 24/7 and notify you as soon as the destination you're looking for becomes available. 7.Affordability (5/5): Compared to comparable weight-loss and nutrition programs, WeightWatchers offers a great value, which is why I scored it a 5 in this category. Starting at just $10 per week, WW is the most affordable option compared to similar programs like Noom ($60/month), Profile ($49/month), and MetPro ($49.99/month).The WW App has a calculator for working out the Points of foods and a scanner which you can use to scan barcodes for point values of foods. On the App you can enter all of the foods that you eat and it will automatically work out how many points you have eaten in a day, what Points you've earned (from drinking water etc) and what …67 points out of 100. The higher your point total, the better your chances of getting picked for a permanent resident visa in Canada in 2023. To be eligible for the Express Entry System under the FSW (Federally Skilled Worker) category, you need to get a score of at least 67 points out of a possible 100.I just learned tonight that items added through the points calculator ... Points Calculator Dec 19, 2023 2:59:39 GMT bbbearsmom, doordie50, and 1 more like this. Quote. Select Post; ... scanner feature, then scroll to the bottom of results, you CAN add an item and save it. I guess it’s a way for WW to make people try to add ...This tool will assist you to calculate points relating to subclass 188, 189, 190 and 489 visas. Skip to navigation; Skip to main content; Loading. ... Last updated: 20/03/2023 10:52 AM. Print this page . Home Affairs Portfolio; Travel and crossing the border; Import, export and buying online;100+ Item WW Aldi List for Weight Watchers Program. With the new Weightwatchers Program, you can enjoy many delicious, low point food options from Aldi grocery store.Keep in mind that diabetic members may have slightly different points. (We’ve kept the points for the previous WW plan (Green, Blue, and Purple) for those people …Weight Watchers Points Plus Calculator. Takeaway! Those following the Weight Watchers plan, will need to record their daily points to successfully lose weight. …Estimate the point value of foods based on the Weight Watcher point system, which is a tool to help people control or lose weight. This calculator uses the point system in effect …WW has simplified to just one program — but it's entirely customized and includes specialized zero-point food lists just for you. WW (formerly Weight Watchers) has introduced a brand new plan ...Last Updated: December 13, 2023 Fact Checked. In 2011, Weight Watchers revoked its original system and announced its new and improved Points Plus system. However, …Instructions. Heat your skillet over high heat with 1 teaspoon vegetable oil and 1/2 teaspoon sesame oil. Add the ginger, garlic and chicken. Cooke for about 4 minutes until browned. Remove and set aside for later use. Next add the rest of the oil and vegetables to the skillet and cook for about 3 minutes.Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Spray a 8×8 baking dish with non stick cooking spray. In a large mixing bowl combine, brownie mix, unsweetened applesauce. Mix until smooth. Pour batter into prepared baking dish. Bake for 30-35 minutes or until edges are slightly firm. Remove from oven.The WW App has a calculator for working out the Points of foods and a scanner which you can use to scan barcodes for point values of foods. On the App you can enter all of the foods that you eat and it will automatically work out how many points you have eaten in a day, what Points you've earned (from drinking water etc) and what …For a 300lb person on the Points Plus plan who worked out for 15 minutes, the calculation would be as follows; 300 * 15 * .00033 = 1.485. This would be rounded down to be just 1 activity point earned for that activity. The factors used for each plan and intensity level is shown below. Intensity Level. Click on the white bar that says, “search for food to track”, underneath you’ll see barcode scanner, quick add and create. Click on “create”, then “create food” And it brings up the screen for to add nutritional value to get your points value. 1. Reply. Malibu292. Points® (2022-2023/Current): Weight Watchers has recently introduced a new plan called the Points® system. This system is the latest addition to the Weight Watchers program and is similar to the previous plans such as the Weight Watchers Freestyle plan (2017-2018) and the MyWW Blue program (2019-2020). And this: Smart Points Weight Watchers Calculator (FREE) The weight watcher point system is a tool helping to control or lose weight in a way that impacts a person’s general way of life and eating habits. This calculator can be utilized to estimate the point value of the food you can eat daily with known parameters. P.S.Instructions. Place the chickpeas in their water into a saucepan and bring to a simmer. Simmer for 15 - 20 minutes. Once they have simmered for 15 - 20 minutes, remove them from the heat and remove the chickpeas from the saucepan using a slotted spoon. Make sure to retain the left over water as you will use this later.What’s new with the WW Plan for 2024 for weight loss? Read on to learn about app updates, meeting changes, weight loss medication options including GLP-1s, the ending of Weight Watchers foods, Oprah leavings the Weight Watchers company, and more. Weight Watchers Stock Crashes, CEO is Reassuring CNBC.com shared on …Weight Watchers Points Allowance Calculator 2023. Updated for WW 2023 plan. Use the calculator to determine your daily and weekly points allowance … See morePublished: Jul 13, 2023 · Modified: Sep 28, 2023 by Toni Dash · 10 Comments. Weight Watchers ... approach that can be experimented with and customized according to an individual's needs and preferences for their WW journeys. How to figure out points. To figure out the points for the ... Calculate the points increase for high points ...Weight Watchers Zero Point Foods: Zero Heroes. How do zero point foods work? According to WW, ZeroPoint foods have—you guessed it—0 Points because they serve as the foundation of healthy eating. Full of fiber and protein, these foods also support overall health, keep you full, and bulk up and add flavor to your meals.The new personal points program is expected to be released in the US and Canada the week of November 8, 2021, and will continue into 2022-2023. New members will take the assessment upon joining. If you are already a member will be guided to the new assessment as soon as the new plan launches. Be sure to update your WW app to …Instructions. Place the chickpeas in their water into a saucepan and bring to a simmer. Simmer for 15 - 20 minutes. Once they have simmered for 15 - 20 minutes, remove them from the heat and remove the chickpeas from the saucepan using a slotted spoon. Make sure to retain the left over water as you will use this later.Use this calculator to calculate grade point average (GPA) and generate a GPA report. If you use percentage grades, have grades on a different scale or in high school with AP/IB classes, please change the "Settings" to input specific values. Also use the settings to group courses into semesters or to include past GPA. The points list for foods will reflect this. In addition to the daily food points calculation, Weight Watchers allow 35 flexible points* each week that encourage you to indulge in the occasional treats without threatening your overall weight loss. This is a good way to learn control without deprivation. Weight Watchers Points Plus Calculator. The Weight Watchers PointsPlus program is essentially an overhaul of the old Weight Watchers Points system.. While it had been successfully over the last thirteen years, breakthroughs in understanding of the weight loss process, and nutritional content have seen a huge increase in healthy eating and lifestyle change, to accompany weight loss success. This is a free to use weight watchers points calculator, using which you can determine any food items point value. Also find out your daily allowance & much more!By using this calculator, you agree to indemnify and hold us harmless from any claims, damages, or liabilities arising from the use of this calculator or the information it provides. Calculate your Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP) eligibility with Lighthouse Immigration Law's OINP Calculator. Streamline your application process.A good CRS score for Canada PR in 2024 will typically range from 470-495. However, if your CRS score surpasses 495, that's even better! For PNP, the range for a good CRS score will typically be higher and vary between 730-800. You can check out our Express Entry page where we list the previous minimum CRS scores.72 calories 52 cals/100g. Applesauce, unsweetened (1 cup) 100 calories 42 cals/100g. Apricots (1 whole fruit small) 17 calories 48 cals/100g. Banana (medium size) 105 calories 89 cals/100g. Berries, mixed (1 cup) 91 calories 73 cals/100g.This weight watchers calculator returns the food points such way to achieve your weight loss goals by the new and old US systems. You can read about how each of the tabs works below the form. New Points Plus –U.S. Old Points Method. Daily Points Plus Target. The goal is to iterate through each possibility, incrementing each value by a hundredth, until all possible solutions for c and s are calculated for a smart point value greater than or equal to 14.5 but less than 15.5. The results for this example calculation are: c. 0.01. s. 0.19. c. 0.01. s. Mar 21, 2024 · The Smart Point calculation is quite a simple one. For every 100 calories, you need to add 3 Smart Points. For every 4 grams of saturated fat, add 1 Smart Point. For every 8 grams of sugar. Add 1 Smart Point. For every 10 grams of protein, Subtract 1 Smart Point. The formula used for Smart Points calculation is: This calculator is mainly geared towards U.S. holidays, but holidays specific to a given country can be entered manually. Certain holidays can also be excluded. For a further level of specificity, federal holidays in the U.S. refer to holidays that have been recognized by the U.S. government; on these days, non-essential federal government …Apr 6, 2019 · Weight Watchers points are calculated individually for each person. To help one assess how many points they need to consume, a calculation is completed based on one’s height, weight, and gender. When you sign up to Weight Watchers online, you can add your details and you will be given a daily points allowance to begin your weight loss journey. Jun 17, 2022 · The following table includes the list of old and new weight watchers foods and their points. This way, you can compare these numbers year by year and check your day-to-day food points or Smartpoints. 1 cup = approx. 250 milliliters. 1 teaspoon = approx. 5 milliliters. If the point is higher than these numbers, it is considered above average. Track your daily food intake and calculate your Weight Watchers points effortlessly with our user-friendly calculator. Start your weight loss journey today and stay on track with your goals.This weight watchers calculator returns the food points such way to achieve your weight loss goals by the new and old US systems. You can read about how each of the tabs works below the form. New Points Plus –U.S. Old Points Method. Daily Points Plus Target.Explore the updated 2023 system with the Weight Watchers Points Calculator. Learn how specific foods impact your weight loss journey and get tips for success. The points list for foods will reflect this. In addition to the daily food points calculation, Weight Watchers allow 35 flexible points* each week that encourage you to indulge in the occasional treats without threatening your overall weight loss. This is a good way to learn control without deprivation. The points-based system provides you with the ability to access people and talent from around the world. We encourage employers to first consider domestic recruitment options within the UK. The first tab is named “New Points Plus – U.S.” and is designated to calculate the Points Plus by the new system based on protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber; For instance an example of 300g protein, 708g carbohydrates, 26g fat and 44g fiber accounts for 107 Points Plus. Find out for FREE using our 2024 VA Disability Calculator with the new 3.2% VA pay increase. Disabled veterans can use our VA Disability Rating Calculator to instantly calculate their combined VA disability rating in a few simple steps. Step 1. Select Disability & use slider for % and click 'Add'. Repeat as needed.Aug 9, 2019 · On myWW+, you'll get personalized amount of Daily SmartPoints, plus some extra Weekly SmartPoints for those days when you need a cushion. (Hey, you're human.) That’s your personalised SmartPoints Budget. It's based on your age, height, weight, and sex to ensure that you reach your weight-loss goals. 4. Last Updated: December 13, 2023 Fact Checked. In 2011, Weight Watchers revoked its original system and announced its new and improved Points Plus system. However, …Your Score. POINTS. With your score 0%. You could qualify for a place on approximately 0% of all UK courses. SEE FULL UCAS POINTS TABLE. The best UCAS points tariff calculator for uni applications, based on A-Levels, AS, SQA, BTEC, IB (international Baccalaureate), music, and more.New WW Points Program 2022/2023. posted by Emily Bites in Weight Watchers Plan. Hello, friends! Starting this week there is an all-new WW (formerly known as Weight Watchers) program they’re just …WW Points Calculator is a simple app in the extreme - there are no configuration options or, in fact, options of any kind. You launch the app - which is a horrible color by the way - and enter the calorie, fat gram and fiber content of the food in question. Hit Calculate Points, and you'll get the value in WW points.New WW Points Program 2022/2023. posted by Emily Bites in Weight Watchers Plan. Hello, friends! Starting this week there is einem all-new WW (formerly known because Weight Watchers) program they’re just referring up as Points (rather than previous iteration same PersonalPoints, SmartPoints, PointsPlus, etc).With Points Protection your Points will be returned to your account when you purchase Points Protection. 6. Ongoing Search. If you're not able to find the destination you're looking for, then you can open an Ongoing Search. RCI will search the system 24/7 and notify you as soon as the destination you're looking for becomes available. 7.Here's a generalized breakdown of WW fruit points value: ‌ Fresh fruit: ‌ Fresh fruits are typically zero. points. ‌ Dried fruit: ‌ Dried fruit is a different story, though. According to Harvard Health Publishing, dried fruit often contains added sugar and calories, meaning it'll typically have a higher point value.As a Weight Watchers member, you have your daily PointsPlus allowance calculated for you. This can be through etools, or at meetings. You can also use the calculator below to determine your Points Plus allowance per day. The winning combination of accountability and support at meetings, along with the new PointsPlus system once again proved to ...Apr 6, 2019 · Weight Watchers points are calculated individually for each person. To help one assess how many points they need to consume, a calculation is completed based on one’s height, weight, and gender. When you sign up to Weight Watchers online, you can add your details and you will be given a daily points allowance to begin your weight loss journey. This Points allocation is calculated by looking at your gender, your current weight, age, height etc. Every food has a Points value. This is worked out (for you via the WW App) using a calculation of the … NEW 2011 Weight Watchers Points Plus Keychain Clicker Calculator. 7. $3999 ($39.99/Count) $9.99 delivery Mon, Feb 26. Or fastest delivery Feb 21 - 22. Only 1 left in stock - order soon. The first tab is named “New Points Plus – U.S.” and is designated to calculate the Points Plus by the new system based on protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber; For instance an example of 300g protein, 708g carbohydrates, 26g fat and 44g fiber accounts for 107 Points Plus. Apr 26, 2021 · The Weight Watchers Points Calculator would tailor a daily points range for you, likely between 23 and 28 points, which adjusts based on your level of physical activity. Here are some illustrative examples of how the Weight Watchers Points Calculator might be utilized in day-to-day meal planning: Example 1: Tracking Points for a Meal Express Entry candidates are given a score out of 1,200 based on the four major sections: . A. Core / human capital factors: these include points for Age, Education, Canadian Work Experience and Language proficiency. These are considered as key to economic success for immigrants. B. Spouse or common-law partner factors: these include the ...Apr 16, 2024 · WW Daily Points Allowance Calculator: calculating ww points. Currently, the average number of points per day is 23 for women and 26 for men. Plus, you are given weekly points that are earned by tracking your exercise. There are several variables that determine your daily SmartPoints allotment including weight, height, age, and activity level. Bayer PLUS Rewards Calculator ... // DOWNLOAD FULL PROGRAM DETAILS 2023 // DOWNLOAD FULL PROGRAM DETAILS 2024 // FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. Learn more about Bayer PLUS Rewards or sign up today and start earning rewards. More questions? Contact Support. Call us at (877) 976-8286. Monday–Friday 7:00AM–5:00PM …Avocado: 2 points. Brown rice: 3 points. Hummus (2 tablespoons): 2 points. Tortilla chip (12 chips): 4 points. Foods with more points tend to be high in carbs, low in fiber and higher in sugar and ...Blue Bunny Sweet Freedom Vanilla (89.8 Calories) Cool Way Mint Chip (120 Calories) You may also see the Ben & Jerry’s Moo-phoria line, and while it tastes great and is 128-132 calories, most flavors are 6 to 7 Weight Watchers points. Yasso, Enlightened, and WW also all have ice cream bars or ice cream sandwiches.Weight Watchers Points Allowance Calculator 2023. Updated for WW 2023 plan. Use the calculator to determine your daily and weekly points allowance … See moreThis calculator is current to the 2023-24 Skilled Migration program. The current entry-level mark is 65 points Check out the possibility of obtaining the minimum score on the Points Test for General Skilled Migration … Calculator.net's sole focus is to provide fast, comprehensive, convenient, free online calculators in a plethora of areas. Currently, we have around 200 calculators to help you "do the math" quickly in areas such as finance, fitness, health, math, and others, and we are still developing more. Again, since WW is so popular, you will find a lot of off-brand advice on how to calculate your points. But it really only takes a few minutes to get an official number using the WW calculator ...Instructions. Place the chickpeas in their water into a saucepan and bring to a simmer. Simmer for 15 - 20 minutes. Once they have simmered for 15 - 20 minutes, remove them from the heat and remove the chickpeas from the saucepan using a slotted spoon. Make sure to retain the left over water as you will use this later. Estimate the point value of foods based on the Weight Watcher point system, which is a tool to help people control or lose weight. This calculator uses the point system in effect from December 2015 to November 2021, which is different from the new system in 2023. With this member’s personal assessment (and remember yours might be different) avocado is 4 points for half a medium and 2 points for a 1/4 medium. Almonds, 10 whole almonds is 2 points. The assessment also asks if you drink alcohol and consume sweets regularly. Recipes will be adjusted based on your personal points.2023 Annual Salary. Regarding the pay rates this calculator produces for grades GS-1 through GS-4 for locations within the United States, please be aware that a table 001M special rate applies in place of any corresponding locality rate or other applicable special rate that is lower than the table 001M special rate. Welcome to opm.gov.For a 300lb person on the Points Plus plan who worked out for 15 minutes, the calculation would be as follows; 300 * 15 * .00033 = 1.485. This would be rounded down to be just 1 activity point earned for that activity. The factors used for each plan and intensity level is shown below. Intensity Level.Your Score. POINTS. With your score 0%. You could qualify for a place on approximately 0% of all UK courses. SEE FULL UCAS POINTS TABLE. The best UCAS points tariff calculator for uni applications, based on A-Levels, AS, SQA, BTEC, IB (international Baccalaureate), music, and more.Mastering how to calculate Weight Watchers points is the key to unlocking a sustainable, enjoyable, and successful weight management journey. Armed with knowledge and armed with knowledge and armed with knowledge and experience, you’re ready to embark on a transformative path towards a healthier, happier you. Time Punch Calculator.The "activity points calculator" takes the guess work out of how many bonus points your physical activity will earn you. Straight forward, all the tracker needs from you is: Your current weight range. Your physical activity from our list OR intensity of your physical activity. Duration of your physical activity.Your go-to guide to the Points® programme; Includes meal builders and sample weekly plan; And so much more! Get the guide. Excited to get started? You've got this! Plus, get support at your fingertips in the WW app. Our Weight-Loss Programme. ... The WW Logo, WeightWatchers®, Points, ...Mar 21, 2024 · The Smart Point calculation is quite a simple one. For every 100 calories, you need to add 3 Smart Points. For every 4 grams of saturated fat, add 1 Smart Point. For every 8 grams of sugar. Add 1 Smart Point. For every 10 grams of protein, Subtract 1 Smart Point. The formula used for Smart Points calculation is: Oct 11, 2023 · Avocado: 2 points. Brown rice: 3 points. Hummus (2 tablespoons): 2 points. Tortilla chip (12 chips): 4 points. Foods with more points tend to be high in carbs, low in fiber and higher in sugar and ...

Apr 6, 2019 · Weight Watchers points are calculated individually for each person. To help one assess how many points they need to consume, a calculation is completed based on one’s height, weight, and gender. When you sign up to Weight Watchers online, you can add your details and you will be given a daily points allowance to begin your weight loss journey. . Lighthouse 360

ww points calculator 2023

Chipotle has become a go-to for everyone when it comes to eating out. We made a guide for everyone on the Weight Watchers program, and anyone who needs some guidance on what to eat. Below is a list of menu items that give you an inside look at Chipotle’s friendly freestyle point menu.72 calories 52 cals/100g. Applesauce, unsweetened (1 cup) 100 calories 42 cals/100g. Apricots (1 whole fruit small) 17 calories 48 cals/100g. Banana (medium size) 105 calories 89 cals/100g. Berries, mixed (1 cup) 91 calories 73 cals/100g.The exact formula is used to calculate points from times. Then all point values are truncated to the integer number. In point tables named with years 2009 and earlier, the point values are rounded. ... Short course times until "31 …If that’s the case, you’re in luck as we’ve made a Weight Watchers factors calculator that can assist you calculate an estimated level worth for any meals with a components based mostly on energy, carbs, fat, protein, and fiber content material. In the event you aren’t presently on Weight Watchers, you may be a part of for as little as ...If you were invited to apply for this visa before 9 October 2023, you may be permitted to claim points under the previous rules. Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa Points Calculator This calculator will provide an indication of whether an individual is likely to meet the 6 points required to apply for New Zealand's Skilled Migrant Category … The WW Purple Plan has a huge list of free foods including chicken and turkey breast, seafood and eggs, fruits and vegetables, and some whole grains. These great Weight Watchers recipes fit into your family perfectly, no matter what plan you choose. They’re kid friendly easy meals and most can be prepared in under 30 minutes. This calculator uses the point system in effect from December 2015 to November 2021. In this system, points were based on calories, sugar, saturated fat, and protein. Fruits and most vegetables are zero-point foods in this system, and the nutrients from fruits and vegetables are only factored in if they are mixed with other food.With this member’s personal assessment (and remember yours might be different) avocado is 4 points for half a medium and 2 points for a 1/4 medium. Almonds, 10 whole almonds is 2 points. The assessment also asks if you drink alcohol and consume sweets regularly. Recipes will be adjusted based on your personal points.Holiday, work, happy hour, or right at home, the top-rated WW app helps you make healthier choices anywhere. It’s all yours when you become a member. ️ Tracking: Log meals, activity, and water with a few taps. In, out, done! ️ Barcode scanner: Learn the Points in any packaged food with this member-favourite feature.This spreadsheet version of the Weight Watchers Points tracker is interactive. Once you have provided your daily and weekly allowance, then the spreadsheet will track your progress as you input new food items. Because it is interactive and will do the calculations for you, you will always know how many daily or weekly points you have left.UWC APS CALCULATOR. Subject 1 (Maths/Maths-Lit) Score. Subject 2 (Life Orientation) Score. Subject 3 (Home Language) Select Language. Score Select Score. Subject 4 (First Additional Language (FAL)) Select Language. Score Select Score..

Popular Topics